Root resorption is a condition where the body’s own cells break down and absorb the root structure of a tooth. It can occur internally (within the root canal system) or externally (from the outer surface of the root). This process can lead to weakening of the tooth, potential loss of structure, and, in severe cases, tooth loss.
Root resorption is classified into two main types: internal and external.
Internal resorption occurs within the root canal system, typically as a result of inflammation or trauma. It is often detected on X-rays as a dark area inside the tooth. If left untreated, it can progress and jeopardize the tooth’s integrity, requiring root canal therapy to halt the damage.
External resorption, on the other hand, affects the outer surface of the root and can result from trauma, orthodontic movement, or chronic infections. It has several forms, including surface, inflammatory, and replacement resorption, and treatment depends on the extent of the damage.
Causes of Root Resorption
The causes of root resorption vary, with common factors including dental trauma, excessive orthodontic forces, chronic inflammation from untreated cavities or gum disease, pressure from impacted teeth or cysts, and, in rare cases, systemic conditions affecting bone metabolism. Because root resorption is often asymptomatic in its early stages, regular dental check-ups and imaging are crucial for early detection.
Treatment options depend on the severity and type of resorption.
In mild cases, the condition may be monitored through routine X-rays. If resorption affects the pulp, root canal therapy may be necessary to preserve the tooth. In cases of external resorption, surgical repair of the root may be required. However, if the damage is too extensive, extraction may be the only viable option.
Early detection of root resorption is crucial for effective management and preserving the tooth. Routine dental check-ups and imaging help diagnose this condition before it leads to significant damage.